We develop methods, benchmarks, and training systems that turn expert data into frontier AI

building benchmarks and collaborating with

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key research areas

Vision and impact

We help labs advance frontier models by working with domain experts to design and build complex, realistic datasets that drive model performance.

initiatives

Community and open science

Open benchmarks, conversations, and research for real-world AI performance.

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Open Benchmarks Grants

Backed by a $3M commitment, the program funds
open-source datasets, benchmarks, and evaluation artifacts that shape how frontier AI systems are built
and evaluated.

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Benchtalks

Our podcast series at the intersection of AI evaluation, data quality, and real-world impact.
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Reading Group

A recurring forum for researchers and practitioners to explore the latest frontier developments in AI while building meaningful connections within the community.

DEEP RESEARCH Expertise

Technical advisors and distinguished affiliates

Stephen Bach headshot

Stephen Bach

Brown University
Eliot Horowitz Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department
Jason Fries headshot

Jason Fries

Stanford University
Assistant Professor of Biomedical Data Science and of Medicine
Jared Dunnmon headshot

Jared Dunnmon

Co-Founder & Chief Scientist, Stealth Startup
Prev. Dir. of AI at DIU
Fred Sala headshot

Fred Sala

Chief Scientist
,
Snorkel AI
Assistant Professor @ University of Wisconsin-Madison
Chris Ré headshot

Chris Ré

Co-Founder
,
Snorkel AI
Professor @ Stanford University
Ludwig Schmidt headshot

Ludwig Schmidt

Stanford University · LAION
Stanford researcher and LAION collaborator
Karthik Narasimhan headshot

Karthik Narasimhan

Princeton University
Professor of Computer Science
Yu Su headshot

Yu Su

Ohio State University
Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Lewis Tunstall headshot

Lewis Tunstall

Hugging Face
Machine Learning Engineer
PUBLICATIONS

Browse research blogs
and academic papers

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SlopCodeBench: Measuring Code Erosion as Agents Iterate
Blog
SlopCodeBench: Measuring Code Erosion as Agents Iterate

SlopCodeBench reveals how AI coding agents degrade code quality over time—measuring “slop,” technical debt, and architectural erosion across iterations.

Jan 20, 2026
Learn more about SlopCodeBench: Measuring Code Erosion as Agents Iterate
Introducing the Snorkel Agentic Coding Benchmark
Blog
Introducing the Snorkel Agentic Coding Benchmark

Today, we’re sharing details about the Snorkel Agentic Coding benchmark—a comprehensive evaluation suite designed to test whether agents can handle the full complexity of software engineering work.

Jan 09, 2026
Learn more about Introducing the Snorkel Agentic Coding Benchmark
2026: The year of environments
Blog
2026: The year of environments

We just returned from NeurIPS 2025, and we’re still processing everything we saw. The energy around data-centric AI has never been stronger—and we couldn’t be more grateful to the research community for pushing these ideas forward.

Dec 10, 2025
Learn more about 2026: The year of environments
Part V: Future direction and emerging trends
Blog
Part V: Future direction and emerging trends

Explores how rubrics support agentic, multi-turn, tool-using, multimodal, and code-generating AI systems, and how they evolve with AI feedback and ensemble evaluation.

Dec 05, 2025
Learn more about Part V: Future direction and emerging trends
The self-critique paradox: Why AI verification fails where it’s needed most
Blog
The self-critique paradox: Why AI verification fails where it’s needed most

TL;DR: We stress-tested the “generate → criticize → improve” loop on 50 visual reasoning tasks. The results were counterintuitive: self-critique acts as a corrosive agent on high-performance tasks, turning 98% accuracy into 57%. Yet, for tasks where models fail completely, it works like magic. This difficulty-dependent behavior poses a critical, hidden risk for RLFT pipelines. The promise vs. the reality…

Nov 26, 2025
Learn more about The self-critique paradox: Why AI verification fails where it’s needed most
A chat with the Terminal-Bench team
Blog
A chat with the Terminal-Bench team

Snorkel Chief Scientist Fred Sala and Kobie Crawford chat with the Terminal-Bench team to unpack the design behind Terminal-Bench 2.0 and the new Harbor framework.

Nov 19, 2025
Learn more about A chat with the Terminal-Bench team
Beyond accuracy: Dissecting mathematical reasoning for LLMs under reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the dominant paradigm for improving the performance of language models on complex reasoning tasks. Despite the substantial empirical gains demonstrated by RL-based training methods like GRPO, a granular understanding of why and how RL enhances performance is still lacking. To bridge this gap, we introduce SPARKLE, a fine-grained analytic framework to dissect the effects of RL across three key dimensions: (1) plan following and execution, (2) knowledge integration, and (3) chain of subproblems. Using this framework, we gain insights beyond mere accuracy. For instance, providing models with explicit human-crafted, step-by-step plans can surprisingly degrade performance...
Research Paper
Beyond accuracy: Dissecting mathematical reasoning for LLMs under reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the dominant paradigm for improving the performance of language models on complex reasoning tasks. Despite the substantial empirical gains demonstrated by RL-based training methods like GRPO, a granular understanding of why and how RL enhances performance is still lacking. To bridge this gap, we introduce SPARKLE, a fine-grained analytic framework to dissect the effects of…

Nov 17, 2025

Jiayu Wang, Yifei Ming, Zixuan Ke, Caiming Xiong, Shafiq Joty, Aws Albarghouthi, Frederic Sala

Learn more about Beyond accuracy: Dissecting mathematical reasoning for LLMs under reinforcement learning
Intelligence per watt: A new metric for AI’s future
Blog
Intelligence per watt: A new metric for AI’s future

Snorkel AI contributes specialized datasets to Hazy Research’s “Intelligence-per-Watt” study, advancing how efficiently AI turns energy into intelligence.

Nov 12, 2025
Learn more about Intelligence per watt: A new metric for AI’s future
Intelligence per watt: Measuring intelligence efficiency of local AI
Large language model (LLM) queries are predominantly processed by frontier models in centralized cloud infrastructure. Rapidly growing demand strains this paradigm, and cloud providers struggle to scale infrastructure at pace. Two advances enable us to rethink this paradigm: small LMs (<=20B active parameters) now achieve competitive performance to frontier models on many tasks, and local accelerators (e.g., Apple M4 Max) run these models at interactive latencies. This raises the question: can local inference viably redistribute demand from centralized infrastructure? Answering this requires measuring whether local LMs can accurately answer real-world queries and whether they can do so efficiently enough to...
Research Paper
Intelligence per watt: Measuring intelligence efficiency of local AI

Large language model (LLM) queries are predominantly processed by frontier models in centralized cloud infrastructure. Rapidly growing demand strains this paradigm, and cloud providers struggle to scale infrastructure at pace. Two advances enable us to rethink this paradigm: small LMs (<=20B active parameters) now achieve competitive performance to frontier models on many tasks, and local accelerators (e.g., Apple M4 Max)…

Nov 11, 2025

Jon Saad-Falcon, Avanika Narayan, Hakki Orhun Akengin, J. Wes Griffin, Herumb Shandilya, Adrian Gamarra Lafuente, Medhya Goel, Rebecca Joseph, Shlok Natarajan, Etash Kumar Guha, Shang Zhu, Ben Athiwaratkun, John Hennessy, Azalia Mirhoseini, Christopher Ré

Learn more about Intelligence per watt: Measuring intelligence efficiency of local AI
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