Agents' Last Exam
A benchmark for evaluating AI agents on long-horizon, economically valuable professional workflows with verifiable outcomes. 55 sub-industries, 1,500+ tasks toward a 5,000-task target, sourced and validated by 300+ industry experts.






Agents’ Last Exam (ALE) is building the broadest-coverage agent evaluation benchmark to date, measuring performance on long-horizon, economically valuable tasks with verifiable outcomes. The benchmark covers non-physical industries defined with reference to O*NET / SOC 2018 (the U.S. federal occupational taxonomy), spanning all 55 targeted sub-industries.
ALE-V1 ships 147 reference tasks across 55 industries as the current public subset of a 1,500+ task corpus. Many tasks require private data or licensed software and remain in a separate private pool. ALE uses rolling evaluation: every ~6 months a new public subset is published with fresh instances, while private tasks rotate in and retired public tasks rotate out, to limit benchmark leakage.
Leaderboard
| Rank | Harness | Model | Effort | Pass Rate | Score | Est. Cost | Runtime | Input Tokens | Output Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | XHigh |
30.6%
|
53.6%
|
$762 | 94h 39m | 762.9M | 3.8M |
| 2 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | High |
30.6%
|
52.1%
|
$577 | 94h 33m | 594.0M | 2.9M |
| 3 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Max |
29.6%
|
52.6%
|
$1,085 | 103h 46m | 1.1B | 5.4M |
| 4 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | XHigh |
29.6%
|
48.3%
|
$235 | 66h 7m | 1.4B | 4.2M |
| 5 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Medium |
29.5%
|
51.9%
|
$518 | 91h 17m | 539.9M | 2.2M |
| 6 | Kimi Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
28.3%
|
51.6%
|
— | 186h 5m | 1.4B | 7.5M |
| 7 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Max |
28.3%
|
49.2%
|
$391 | 66h 27m | 2.5B | 6.8M |
| 8 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Max |
28%
|
50.5%
|
$545 | 118h 39m | 1.2B | 5.8M |
| 9 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | XHigh |
27.6%
|
48.5%
|
$381 | 87h 20m | 822.5M | 3.8M |
| 10 | Claude Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
27%
|
50.7%
|
$773 | 215h 32m | 6.0B | 7.4M |
| 11 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | Max |
27%
|
45.2%
|
$3,985 | 179h 19m | 1.7B | 22.1M |
| 12 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | XHigh |
26.6%
|
47.9%
|
$602 | 97h 8m | 560.5M | 6.4M |
| 13 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | High |
26%
|
46.3%
|
$264 | 98h 34m | 533.9M | 2.8M |
| 14 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | XHigh |
25.7%
|
48.7%
|
$4,340 | 70h 0m | 2.7B | 10.4M |
| 15 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | High |
24.2%
|
44%
|
$416 | 75h 15m | 489.9M | 3.5M |
| 16 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | High |
23.7%
|
44.9%
|
$128 | 45h 53m | 699.4M | 2.6M |
| 17 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Low |
23.6%
|
44.8%
|
$248 | 75h 8m | 252.0M | 1.3M |
| 18 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.5 | High |
23%
|
45.8%
|
$310 | 35h 34m | 334.3M | 2.3M |
| 19 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Medium |
22.7%
|
42.6%
|
$128 | 86h 4m | 244.6M | 1.6M |
| 20 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | XHigh |
22.4%
|
42.3%
|
$2,815 | 144h 16m | 1.2B | 16.5M |
| 21 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | Adaptive |
22%
|
40.5%
|
$2,315 | 106h 14m | 880.0M | 9.4M |
| 22 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.5 | High |
21.1%
|
41%
|
$447 | 82h 38m | 469.3M | 3.3M |
| 23 | Cursor CLI | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
20.7%
|
39.6%
|
$174 | 58h 47m | 148.1M | 1.7M |
| 24 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.4 | High |
20.5%
|
37.3%
|
$274 | 127h 46m | 488.8M | 7.3M |
| 25 | Cursor CLI | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
20.4%
|
41.8%
|
$1,899 | 63h 49m | 429.5M | 4.5M |
| 26 | Claude Code | GLM-5.2 | Max |
20.4%
|
40.6%
|
$1,086 | 107h 42m | 1.3B | 7.7M |
| 27 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Low |
20.4%
|
40.2%
|
$89 | 76h 23m | 171.7M | 1.1M |
| 28 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | High |
20.4%
|
38.7%
|
$1,626 | 82h 49m | 1.8B | 6.4M |
| 29 | Cursor CLI | Composer 2.5 | Adaptive |
20.4%
|
38.5%
|
$177 | 77h 48m | 338.8M | 2.9M |
| 30 | Claude Code | Seed 2.1 Pro | - |
19.5%
|
41.4%
|
$936 | 155h 14m | 2.1B | 8.4M |
| 31 | Droid | GPT-5.5 | High |
19.1%
|
38.6%
|
$242 | 63h 49m | 234.8M | 2.2M |
| 32 | ALE-Claw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
18.4%
|
40.5%
|
$1,132 | 77h 39m | 1.3B | 5.6M |
| 33 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
18.4%
|
39.8%
|
$358 | 75h 11m | 294.4M | 2.9M |
| 34 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Medium |
17.1%
|
37.5%
|
$57 | 42h 8m | 287.2M | 1.1M |
| 35 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Low |
17.1%
|
36.4%
|
$147 | 38h 40m | 109.3M | 1.3M |
| 36 | Gemini CLI | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
15.8%
|
32%
|
$2,018 | 92h 21m | 1.2B | 3.5M |
| 37 | OpenClaw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
15.1%
|
34.6%
|
$1,689 | 124h 10m | 807.3M | 4.0M |
| 38 | OpenClaw | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
14.1%
|
28.7%
|
$2,969 | 147h 6m | 3.4B | 3.7M |
| 39 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
13.2%
|
35.1%
|
$1,793 | 42h 36m | 456.4M | 3.7M |
| 40 | OpenClaw | Seed 2.1 Pro | High |
13.1%
|
32.2%
|
$440 | 190h 18m | 1.6B | 20.4M |
| 41 | Droid | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
12.8%
|
31%
|
$1,356 | 28h 16m | 352.1M | 2.7M |
| 42 | OpenClaw | DeepSeek V4 Pro | High |
12.4%
|
27.6%
|
$273 | 130h 47m | 511.7M | 4.7M |
| 43 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 7-Max | High |
11.8%
|
31.1%
|
$664 | 101h 0m | 1.4B | 17.6M |
| 44 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Low |
11.8%
|
30.5%
|
$27 | 24h 35m | 119.9M | 610.3K |
| 45 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.4 | High |
11.8%
|
28.2%
|
$335 | 55h 28m | 1.1B | 2.0M |
| 46 | OpenClaw | GLM-5.1 | High |
11.5%
|
28.1%
|
$440 | 168h 39m | 755.8M | 5.9M |
| 47 | OpenClaw | Kimi K2.6 | High |
9.2%
|
21.7%
|
$123 | 183h 18m | 295.9M | 6.0M |
| 48 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 6-Plus | High |
8.6%
|
24.3%
|
$254 | 134h 43m | 738.9M | 7.0M |
| 49 | OpenClaw | MiMo V2.5 | High |
8.6%
|
23.6%
|
$43 | 107h 22m | 394.9M | 4.0M |
| 50 | Grok CLI | Grok 4.3 | - |
6.6%
|
20.1%
|
$285 | 43h 7m | 223.1M | 2.3M |
| 51 | OpenClaw | MiniMax M2.7 | High |
5.9%
|
14.2%
|
$27 | 144h 37m | 277.2M | 4.4M |
| 52 | OpenClaw | Grok 4.3 | High |
4.3%
|
15.5%
|
$80 | 79h 4m | 168.7M | 2.7M |
| Rank | Harness | Model | Effort | Pass Rate | Score | Est. Cost | Runtime | Input Tokens | Output Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | XHigh |
28.6%
|
53.6%
|
$437 | 49h 46m | 443.5M | 2.5M |
| 2 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Medium |
28.6%
|
52.8%
|
$279 | 47h 32m | 300.1M | 1.4M |
| 3 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | XHigh |
28.6%
|
49.1%
|
$144 | 24h 53m | 910.7M | 2.8M |
| 4 | Claude Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
27.6%
|
52.8%
|
$418 | 109h 24m | 2.0B | 4.7M |
| 5 | Kimi Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
27.6%
|
52%
|
— | 102h 15m | 604.4M | 5.0M |
| 6 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Max |
27.6%
|
50.7%
|
$246 | 35h 22m | 1.6B | 4.3M |
| 7 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | High |
27.1%
|
50.9%
|
$344 | 51h 12m | 359.1M | 1.9M |
| 8 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | XHigh |
27.1%
|
49.2%
|
$385 | 47h 34m | 357.1M | 4.3M |
| 9 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Max |
26.7%
|
50.7%
|
$598 | 52h 15m | 609.6M | 3.5M |
| 10 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | XHigh |
26.2%
|
49.4%
|
$235 | 49h 6m | 528.0M | 2.6M |
| 11 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Max |
25.7%
|
49.8%
|
$358 | 58h 41m | 843.8M | 3.9M |
| 12 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | Max |
25.7%
|
44.1%
|
$1,953 | 110h 57m | 642.2M | 15.3M |
| 13 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.5 | High |
24.8%
|
48.1%
|
$109 | 16h 44m | 77.0M | 1.3M |
| 14 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | High |
24.3%
|
46.6%
|
$146 | 46h 22m | 297.4M | 1.8M |
| 15 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | XHigh |
23.8%
|
48.5%
|
$1,663 | 34h 35m | 900.2M | 6.4M |
| 16 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | High |
23.8%
|
46%
|
$73 | 16h 49m | 413.7M | 1.7M |
| 17 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.5 | High |
23.8%
|
44.4%
|
$219 | 31h 30m | 211.2M | 2.2M |
| 18 | Claude Code | GLM-5.2 | Max |
23.8%
|
43.4%
|
$981 | 64h 18m | 1.2B | 6.3M |
| 19 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Low |
23.3%
|
46.3%
|
$132 | 44h 41m | 140.2M | 820.3K |
| 20 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | High |
23.3%
|
44.6%
|
$221 | 31h 18m | 292.7M | 2.1M |
| 21 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.4 | High |
22.5%
|
41.8%
|
$169 | 50h 7m | 285.8M | 4.9M |
| 22 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Medium |
22.4%
|
43.9%
|
$65 | 53h 4m | 125.1M | 1.0M |
| 23 | Cursor CLI | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
21.9%
|
44.7%
|
$1,045 | 24h 54m | 207.5M | 2.5M |
| 24 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | Adaptive |
21.9%
|
44.6%
|
$880 | 69h 43m | 301.4M | 6.9M |
| 25 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | High |
21.9%
|
42.7%
|
$1,016 | 58h 43m | 1.1B | 4.2M |
| 26 | Cursor CLI | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
21.9%
|
41.8%
|
$97 | 14h 30m | 68.5M | 1.1M |
| 27 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Low |
20.5%
|
42.5%
|
$50 | 45h 45m | 99.3M | 779.0K |
| 28 | ALE-Claw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
20%
|
43.3%
|
$416 | 44h 15m | 389.6M | 2.9M |
| 29 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | XHigh |
20%
|
42.1%
|
$1,713 | 84h 37m | 641.0M | 11.9M |
| 30 | Claude Code | Seed 2.1 Pro | - |
19%
|
41.4%
|
$602 | 88h 11m | 1.1B | 5.8M |
| 31 | Cursor CLI | Composer 2.5 | Adaptive |
19%
|
40.8%
|
$81 | 60h 10m | 153.2M | 1.8M |
| 32 | Droid | GPT-5.5 | High |
19%
|
39.5%
|
$136 | 37h 27m | 117.0M | 1.5M |
| 33 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Medium |
18.1%
|
39.8%
|
$25 | 13h 32m | 127.3M | 721.7K |
| 34 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Low |
18.1%
|
39.4%
|
$96 | 16h 26m | 75.9M | 901.9K |
| 35 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
17.1%
|
39.4%
|
$195 | 26h 28m | 157.9M | 1.9M |
| 36 | Gemini CLI | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
17.1%
|
36.2%
|
$1,010 | 52h 27m | 450.8M | 2.4M |
| 37 | OpenClaw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
16.2%
|
37.8%
|
$960 | 53h 29m | 516.2M | 2.8M |
| 38 | OpenClaw | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
15.7%
|
31.7%
|
$1,303 | 66h 23m | 1.4B | 2.3M |
| 39 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
14.3%
|
38%
|
$1,165 | 25h 47m | 281.0M | 2.7M |
| 40 | Droid | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
14.3%
|
33.7%
|
$710 | 19h 17m | 176.9M | 1.7M |
| 41 | OpenClaw | DeepSeek V4 Pro | High |
14.1%
|
30.8%
|
$161 | 56h 12m | 312.8M | 3.3M |
| 42 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 7-Max | High |
13.3%
|
34%
|
$534 | 34h 23m | 1.0B | 15.8M |
| 43 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.4 | High |
13.3%
|
33.1%
|
$168 | 26h 31m | 541.3M | 1.1M |
| 44 | Forgecode | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Medium |
13.3%
|
28.5%
|
$100 | 51h 31m | 136.5M | 1.7M |
| 45 | Hermes | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Medium |
13.2%
|
32%
|
$437 | 25h 12m | 195.6M | 2.0M |
| 46 | OpenClaw | GLM-5.1 | High |
12.9%
|
30.8%
|
$213 | 73h 57m | 361.0M | 3.3M |
| 47 | Terminus 2 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Off |
11.9%
|
30.9%
|
$320 | 73h 1m | 760.4M | 3.1M |
| 48 | OpenClaw | Seed 2.1 Pro | High |
11.4%
|
33.2%
|
$440 | 98h 0m | 1.4B | 18.4M |
| 49 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Low |
11.4%
|
32.8%
|
$13 | 9h 12m | 56.3M | 407.1K |
| 50 | OpenClaw | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | High |
11.4%
|
31%
|
$181 | 33h 51m | 247.0M | 1.9M |
| 51 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 6-Plus | High |
10.5%
|
28.6%
|
$128 | 62h 28m | 366.8M | 4.4M |
| 52 | OpenClaw | MiMo V2.5 | High |
10%
|
26.5%
|
$32 | 51h 24m | 286.4M | 3.0M |
| 53 | Openhands | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | Not reported |
9%
|
19.8%
|
$243 | 35h 47m | 349.9M | 4.4M |
| 54 | OpenClaw | Kimi K2.6 | High |
8.1%
|
21.2%
|
$91 | 89h 31m | 222.9M | 4.4M |
| 55 | Grok CLI | Grok 4.3 | - |
7.6%
|
24.3%
|
$205 | 36h 12m | 161.0M | 1.7M |
| 56 | OpenClaw | MiniMax M2.7 | High |
5.7%
|
14.6%
|
$22 | 52h 56m | 242.7M | 3.2M |
| 57 | OpenClaw | Grok 4.3 | High |
4.3%
|
17.5%
|
$61 | 36h 8m | 135.8M | 2.1M |
| Rank | Harness | Model | Effort | Pass Rate | Score | Est. Cost | Runtime | Input Tokens | Output Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Max |
47.8%
|
78.8%
|
$322 | 40h 29m | 304.2M | 1.8M |
| 2 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | XHigh |
47.8%
|
74.1%
|
$69 | 19h 22m | 359.7M | 1.6M |
| 3 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | High |
47%
|
77.5%
|
$172 | 33h 30m | 155.3M | 1.0M |
| 4 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | XHigh |
45.5%
|
78.3%
|
$210 | 34h 43m | 190.0M | 1.3M |
| 5 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Medium |
45.3%
|
75.6%
|
$137 | 34h 16m | 124.2M | 787.5K |
| 6 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | XHigh |
44.8%
|
73.9%
|
$96 | 31h 27m | 170.7M | 1.3M |
| 7 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | XHigh |
44%
|
72.4%
|
$170 | 29h 32m | 126.2M | 2.3M |
| 8 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Max |
43.3%
|
73.2%
|
$96 | 21h 49m | 541.7M | 2.2M |
| 9 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | High |
43.3%
|
70.8%
|
$84 | 40h 16m | 156.0M | 1.0M |
| 10 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | Max |
43.3%
|
64%
|
$1,106 | 49h 40m | 310.5M | 8.3M |
| 11 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Max |
41.8%
|
73.3%
|
$141 | 37h 13m | 268.6M | 2.0M |
| 12 | Claude Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
40.3%
|
71.6%
|
$242 | 66h 36m | 1.5B | 2.7M |
| 13 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Low |
39.3%
|
66.8%
|
$80 | 26h 43m | 71.0M | 467.6K |
| 14 | Kimi Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
38.8%
|
69.7%
|
— | 50h 48m | 256.7M | 2.2M |
| 15 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Medium |
38.8%
|
66%
|
$47 | 36h 15m | 84.6M | 590.9K |
| 16 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | High |
38.6%
|
66.2%
|
$121 | 27h 0m | 162.7M | 1.3M |
| 17 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | XHigh |
37.3%
|
71.1%
|
$1,018 | 21h 14m | 504.9M | 3.6M |
| 18 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | High |
35.8%
|
66.2%
|
$46 | 16h 50m | 228.8M | 1.1M |
| 19 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.5 | High |
35.8%
|
65.7%
|
$218 | 41h 19m | 223.0M | 1.5M |
| 20 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | XHigh |
35.8%
|
62.7%
|
$683 | 42h 8m | 201.3M | 6.0M |
| 21 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | Adaptive |
34.3%
|
63.4%
|
$947 | 31h 49m | 341.7M | 3.1M |
| 22 | Cursor CLI | Composer 2.5 | Adaptive |
34.3%
|
61.1%
|
$50 | 22h 1m | 94.1M | 1.1M |
| 23 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | High |
34.3%
|
56.8%
|
$446 | 21h 15m | 397.7M | 2.2M |
| 24 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.4 | High |
33.6%
|
57.8%
|
$69 | 40h 56m | 86.0M | 2.4M |
| 25 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.5 | High |
32.8%
|
67.4%
|
$148 | 14h 57m | 167.2M | 1.0M |
| 26 | Claude Code | GLM-5.2 | Max |
32.8%
|
59.1%
|
$204 | 32h 45m | 187.0M | 2.7M |
| 27 | Cursor CLI | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
32.1%
|
60.8%
|
$68 | 30h 10m | 51.8M | 741.1K |
| 28 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Low |
32.1%
|
60.7%
|
$34 | 32h 24m | 62.2M | 448.1K |
| 29 | Cursor CLI | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
29.9%
|
61.2%
|
$558 | 33h 26m | 110.3M | 1.6M |
| 30 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Medium |
29.9%
|
59.7%
|
$19 | 18h 46m | 90.6M | 452.4K |
| 31 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
29.9%
|
59.3%
|
$110 | 13h 22m | 81.7M | 1.1M |
| 32 | Droid | GPT-5.5 | High |
29.9%
|
58.2%
|
$106 | 23h 26m | 98.4M | 962.6K |
| 33 | ALE-Claw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
28.4%
|
60.5%
|
$312 | 20h 40m | 359.2M | 1.9M |
| 34 | Droid | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
27.6%
|
60.2%
|
$738 | 16h 6m | 176.2M | 1.5M |
| 35 | Claude Code | Seed 2.1 Pro | - |
26.9%
|
58.9%
|
$376 | 66h 30m | 697.7M | 3.1M |
| 36 | OpenClaw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
26.9%
|
56.5%
|
$508 | 47h 42m | 201.7M | 1.5M |
| 37 | Gemini CLI | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
26.9%
|
53.5%
|
$342 | 27h 40m | 239.4M | 1.1M |
| 38 | OpenClaw | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
26.1%
|
48.3%
|
$575 | 48h 37m | 616.7M | 938.9K |
| 39 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Low |
25.4%
|
53.5%
|
$48 | 10h 16m | 28.2M | 528.4K |
| 40 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Low |
22.4%
|
47.1%
|
$11 | 14h 7m | 46.7M | 263.7K |
| 41 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
20.9%
|
54.3%
|
$496 | 16h 17m | 120.4M | 1.1M |
| 42 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.4 | High |
20.9%
|
44.3%
|
$66 | 17h 22m | 178.6M | 684.8K |
| 43 | OpenClaw | GLM-5.1 | High |
20.1%
|
45.6%
|
$108 | 62h 17m | 183.5M | 1.6M |
| 44 | OpenClaw | DeepSeek V4 Pro | High |
19.9%
|
43.8%
|
$109 | 58h 50m | 208.2M | 1.9M |
| 45 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 7-Max | High |
17.9%
|
46.9%
|
$247 | 38h 11m | 502.0M | 7.3M |
| 46 | OpenClaw | Seed 2.1 Pro | High |
17.9%
|
46.9%
|
$201 | 76h 7m | 640.9M | 8.9M |
| 47 | OpenClaw | Kimi K2.6 | High |
15.7%
|
35.1%
|
$47 | 61h 6m | 118.5M | 2.1M |
| 48 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 6-Plus | High |
12.7%
|
35.8%
|
$90 | 60h 13m | 259.7M | 2.7M |
| 49 | OpenClaw | MiMo V2.5 | High |
11.9%
|
35.1%
|
$13 | 43h 37m | 105.4M | 1.5M |
| 50 | OpenClaw | MiniMax M2.7 | High |
10.4%
|
24.5%
|
$9 | 63h 22m | 98.2M | 1.4M |
| 51 | Grok CLI | Grok 4.3 | - |
9%
|
30.4%
|
$127 | 21h 59m | 99.8M | 1.0M |
| 52 | OpenClaw | Grok 4.3 | High |
6.7%
|
24.4%
|
$35 | 31h 15m | 73.8M | 1.2M |
| Rank | Harness | Model | Effort | Pass Rate | Score | Est. Cost | Runtime | Input Tokens | Output Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | XHigh |
30%
|
46.6%
|
$247 | 28h 47m | 235.4M | 1.3M |
| 2 | Kimi Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
29.1%
|
49.9%
|
— | 55h 44m | 465.4M | 2.8M |
| 3 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Max |
27.3%
|
45.6%
|
$150 | 38h 15m | 316.9M | 1.8M |
| 4 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Medium |
27.3%
|
43.9%
|
$157 | 29h 58m | 142.1M | 732.3K |
| 5 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | High |
27.3%
|
42.4%
|
$166 | 29h 53m | 153.0M | 942.9K |
| 6 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Max |
27.3%
|
40.7%
|
$107 | 19h 52m | 652.4M | 2.2M |
| 7 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | XHigh |
27.3%
|
40.4%
|
$61 | 22h 35m | 351.8M | 1.4M |
| 8 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Max |
25.5%
|
44.7%
|
$300 | 28h 9m | 286.3M | 1.8M |
| 9 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | XHigh |
25.5%
|
42%
|
$1,826 | 25h 34m | 1.1B | 3.8M |
| 10 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | High |
25.5%
|
41.9%
|
$38 | 10h 25m | 202.0M | 828.7K |
| 11 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | XHigh |
24.5%
|
41.3%
|
$108 | 29h 0m | 215.8M | 1.2M |
| 12 | Claude Code | Seed 2.1 Pro | - |
24.1%
|
40.1%
|
$289 | 42h 44m | 639.5M | 3.2M |
| 13 | Claude Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
23.6%
|
44.9%
|
$240 | 64h 56m | 1.8B | 2.4M |
| 14 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | Max |
23.6%
|
43.1%
|
$1,324 | 59h 37m | 524.3M | 8.2M |
| 15 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.5 | High |
23.6%
|
41.1%
|
$70 | 8h 28m | 54.9M | 734.8K |
| 16 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | High |
22.4%
|
36.7%
|
$130 | 20h 57m | 130.8M | 1.2M |
| 17 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | XHigh |
21.8%
|
38.7%
|
$178 | 29h 36m | 142.8M | 2.2M |
| 18 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | High |
20.9%
|
38.3%
|
$85 | 36h 27m | 164.1M | 940.7K |
| 19 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | Adaptive |
20.9%
|
34.1%
|
$608 | 32h 11m | 327.7M | 3.7M |
| 20 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | XHigh |
20%
|
38.3%
|
$856 | 43h 56m | 300.4M | 5.6M |
| 21 | Cursor CLI | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
20%
|
37.6%
|
$842 | 14h 48m | 215.6M | 1.9M |
| 22 | Cursor CLI | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
20%
|
32.7%
|
$50 | 17h 24m | 36.4M | 552.1K |
| 23 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.4 | High |
19.4%
|
34.3%
|
$123 | 57h 48m | 239.6M | 2.9M |
| 24 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Low |
19.1%
|
38.3%
|
$77 | 23h 19m | 73.1M | 437.4K |
| 25 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | High |
18.2%
|
37.8%
|
$569 | 26h 8m | 698.1M | 2.3M |
| 26 | Claude Code | GLM-5.2 | Max |
18.2%
|
37%
|
$390 | 35h 45m | 338.8M | 2.7M |
| 27 | ALE-Claw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
18.2%
|
36.6%
|
$246 | 15h 31m | 288.8M | 1.7M |
| 28 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Low |
18.2%
|
34.5%
|
$31 | 22h 57m | 54.5M | 398.1K |
| 29 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Medium |
18.2%
|
34%
|
$44 | 28h 6m | 78.9M | 555.2K |
| 30 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.5 | High |
18.2%
|
32.1%
|
$101 | 22h 58m | 98.6M | 1.1M |
| 31 | Cursor CLI | Composer 2.5 | Adaptive |
18.2%
|
30.8%
|
$68 | 25h 41m | 130.0M | 1.1M |
| 32 | Droid | GPT-5.5 | High |
16.4%
|
33.4%
|
$69 | 15h 37m | 58.6M | 792.2K |
| 33 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
16.4%
|
33.3%
|
$128 | 26h 53m | 102.4M | 1.1M |
| 34 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Low |
16.4%
|
32.4%
|
$45 | 14h 49m | 29.5M | 425.3K |
| 35 | OpenClaw | Seed 2.1 Pro | High |
13.5%
|
23.6%
|
$171 | 46h 53m | 572.9M | 7.7M |
| 36 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
12.7%
|
29.1%
|
$747 | 12h 5m | 202.0M | 1.5M |
| 37 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Medium |
12.7%
|
28.8%
|
$18 | 8h 56m | 85.6M | 355.6K |
| 38 | Gemini CLI | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
12.7%
|
26.4%
|
$962 | 25h 34m | 481.7M | 1.7M |
| 39 | OpenClaw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
10.9%
|
27.5%
|
$370 | 29h 47m | 163.0M | 1.1M |
| 40 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 7-Max | High |
10.9%
|
27.2%
|
$280 | 35h 46m | 585.1M | 7.1M |
| 41 | OpenClaw | DeepSeek V4 Pro | High |
10.9%
|
23.8%
|
$68 | 38h 12m | 114.5M | 1.5M |
| 42 | OpenClaw | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
10.9%
|
23.6%
|
$1,392 | 62h 47m | 1.6B | 1.7M |
| 43 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.4 | High |
9.1%
|
22.9%
|
$179 | 22h 36m | 595.7M | 930.0K |
| 44 | OpenClaw | GLM-5.1 | High |
9.1%
|
21.7%
|
$165 | 61h 57m | 282.4M | 2.2M |
| 45 | OpenClaw | MiMo V2.5 | High |
9.1%
|
20.8%
|
$17 | 34h 51m | 159.9M | 1.4M |
| 46 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 6-Plus | High |
8.2%
|
22.9%
|
$111 | 46h 37m | 322.1M | 3.1M |
| 47 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Low |
7.3%
|
24.9%
|
$9 | 5h 32m | 36.3M | 207.5K |
| 48 | Grok CLI | Grok 4.3 | - |
7.3%
|
17%
|
$95 | 10h 30m | 74.0M | 896.2K |
| 49 | OpenClaw | Kimi K2.6 | High |
6.4%
|
18.2%
|
$41 | 73h 35m | 93.6M | 2.4M |
| 50 | OpenClaw | Grok 4.3 | High |
3.6%
|
12.9%
|
$25 | 24h 45m | 51.6M | 1.0M |
| 51 | Droid | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
3.6%
|
10.9%
|
$167 | 3h 8m | 39.9M | 472.1K |
| 52 | OpenClaw | MiniMax M2.7 | High |
3.6%
|
8.4%
|
$10 | 46h 17m | 95.2M | 1.7M |
| Rank | Harness | Model | Effort | Pass Rate | Score | Est. Cost | Runtime | Input Tokens | Output Tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kimi Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
10.5%
|
20.6%
|
— | 91h 53m | 748.2M | 3.1M |
| 2 | Claude Code | Kimi K3 | Max |
7.9%
|
20.5%
|
$333 | 100h 52m | 3.2B | 2.6M |
| 3 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | XHigh |
7.9%
|
16.5%
|
$2,091 | 30h 16m | 1.6B | 3.8M |
| 4 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | XHigh |
5.3%
|
19.4%
|
$325 | 38h 53m | 352.3M | 1.4M |
| 5 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | High |
5.3%
|
18.7%
|
$253 | 39h 4m | 297.5M | 1.1M |
| 6 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Medium |
3.9%
|
19.4%
|
$250 | 32h 36m | 294.9M | 783.9K |
| 7 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Max |
2.6%
|
16.4%
|
$488 | 42h 49m | 523.8M | 2.1M |
| 8 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Max |
2.6%
|
15%
|
$197 | 31h 35m | 1.4B | 2.6M |
| 9 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Max |
2.6%
|
14.9%
|
$264 | 50h 55m | 678.1M | 2.2M |
| 10 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | Max |
2.6%
|
14.4%
|
$1,805 | 84h 44m | 961.0M | 7.3M |
| 11 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
2.6%
|
14.2%
|
$167 | 41h 36m | 153.9M | 905.0K |
| 12 | Claude Code | GLM-5.2 | Max |
2.6%
|
12.9%
|
$638 | 47h 56m | 782.7M | 2.7M |
| 13 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.5 | High |
2.6%
|
12.8%
|
$107 | 13h 44m | 126.3M | 704.4K |
| 14 | Cursor CLI | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
2.6%
|
11.4%
|
$588 | 18h 31m | 121.0M | 1.2M |
| 15 | Droid | GPT-5.5 | High |
2.6%
|
11.3%
|
$76 | 26h 27m | 83.6M | 551.8K |
| 16 | Cursor CLI | GPT-5.5 | Medium |
2.6%
|
10.7%
|
$61 | 17h 12m | 63.9M | 456.4K |
| 17 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | XHigh |
2.6%
|
10.4%
|
$1,395 | 70h 29m | 739.8M | 5.9M |
| 18 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | XHigh |
1.3%
|
16.1%
|
$283 | 42h 39m | 316.9M | 2.2M |
| 19 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | High |
0%
|
13.4%
|
$188 | 33h 14m | 216.4M | 1.2M |
| 20 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Sol | Low |
0%
|
12.6%
|
$96 | 30h 32m | 111.3M | 408.6K |
| 21 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Medium |
0%
|
12.6%
|
$43 | 25h 34m | 90.6M | 486.7K |
| 22 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | High |
0%
|
12%
|
$106 | 28h 23m | 236.9M | 967.5K |
| 23 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | Low |
0%
|
11.2%
|
$31 | 23h 59m | 65.9M | 335.9K |
| 24 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | High |
0%
|
11%
|
$47 | 20h 58m | 284.9M | 772.0K |
| 25 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | XHigh |
0%
|
11%
|
$110 | 30h 12m | 742.9M | 1.3M |
| 26 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Terra | XHigh |
0%
|
10.9%
|
$186 | 33h 22m | 449.2M | 1.4M |
| 27 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.5 | High |
0%
|
10.9%
|
$155 | 24h 52m | 178.2M | 997.0K |
| 28 | Claude Code | Seed 2.1 Pro | - |
0%
|
10.8%
|
$319 | 52h 3m | 814.8M | 2.8M |
| 29 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Medium |
0%
|
10.4%
|
$24 | 15h 42m | 132.8M | 319.4K |
| 30 | OpenClaw | Seed 2.1 Pro | High |
0%
|
10.4%
|
$85 | 75h 30m | 455.8M | 4.8M |
| 31 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
0%
|
10%
|
$685 | 17h 6m | 170.1M | 1.4M |
| 32 | Codex | GPT-5.5 | Low |
0%
|
9.9%
|
$64 | 16h 3m | 59.4M | 378.0K |
| 33 | Codex | GPT-5.6 Luna | Low |
0%
|
8.9%
|
$9 | 6h 13m | 42.6M | 162.5K |
| 34 | Cursor CLI | Composer 2.5 | Adaptive |
0%
|
8.8%
|
$78 | 34h 44m | 151.0M | 948.3K |
| 35 | ALE-Claw | GPT-5.4 | High |
0%
|
8.1%
|
$100 | 17h 39m | 321.4M | 540.7K |
| 36 | Droid | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
0%
|
8%
|
$496 | 10h 18m | 145.7M | 920.1K |
| 37 | ALE-Claw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
0%
|
7.9%
|
$594 | 43h 8m | 707.3M | 2.2M |
| 38 | OpenClaw | GPT-5.4 | High |
0%
|
7.3%
|
$107 | 36h 16m | 206.9M | 2.5M |
| 39 | Claude Code | Claude Opus 4.8 | High |
0%
|
7%
|
$735 | 43h 8m | 841.1M | 2.2M |
| 40 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 7-Max | High |
0%
|
6.4%
|
$173 | 33h 3m | 377.8M | 4.1M |
| 41 | OpenClaw | GLM-5.1 | High |
0%
|
6.2%
|
$204 | 57h 10m | 354.0M | 2.5M |
| 42 | Claude Code | Claude Fable 5 | Adaptive |
0%
|
5.2%
|
$838 | 52h 15m | 231.2M | 3.3M |
| 43 | OpenClaw | Qwen3 6-Plus | High |
0%
|
5%
|
$78 | 35h 46m | 228.9M | 1.9M |
| 44 | OpenClaw | Claude Opus 4.7 | High |
0%
|
4.3%
|
$842 | 50h 0m | 452.9M | 1.5M |
| 45 | OpenClaw | MiMo V2.5 | High |
0%
|
3.4%
|
$15 | 33h 3m | 135.8M | 1.3M |
| 46 | OpenClaw | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
0%
|
3.1%
|
$1,200 | 45h 9m | 1.4B | 1.1M |
| 47 | OpenClaw | DeepSeek V4 Pro | High |
0%
|
2.5%
|
$108 | 39h 7m | 208.8M | 1.7M |
| 48 | Grok CLI | Grok 4.3 | - |
0%
|
2.3%
|
$71 | 11h 35m | 56.2M | 477.3K |
| 49 | OpenClaw | Grok 4.3 | High |
0%
|
2.3%
|
$22 | 25h 4m | 47.2M | 621.3K |
| 50 | OpenClaw | Kimi K2.6 | High |
0%
|
1.6%
|
$39 | 60h 46m | 88.1M | 1.8M |
| 51 | OpenClaw | MiniMax M2.7 | High |
0%
|
1.3%
|
$9 | 44h 14m | 87.7M | 1.5M |
| 52 | Gemini CLI | Gemini 3.1 Pro | High |
0%
|
0.9%
|
$733 | 40h 2m | 497.3M | 821.0K |
*claude-fable-5: the variant Anthropic served during evaluation may differ from the published model's full capability tier, and re-runs cannot guarantee the higher-tier variant is selected. These numbers may understate the model's true ceiling. Learn more.
Pass rate vs input tokens
Hover any dot for the harness, model, and exact metrics.
Industry coverage


Motion & VFX


3D modeling


Game development


Mold flow analysis


Architectural modeling


Brain imaging
Sample tasks
A selection from the 147 public ALE-V1 tasks across 14 task categories. Each task ships with a sandboxed environment, a hidden reference, and a deterministic grader. Slugs link to the task source.
business finance
sec_10k_financial_parsing
Parse a SEC 10-K filing into a structured financial schema. Multi-step extraction, table normalization, and cross-reference validation against the original document.
business finance
health medicine
Clinical_Variant_Annotation
life sciences
computing math
visual media
Methodology
Metrics
Pass Rate — fraction of tasks the agent fully completed (strict success). Score — average graded outcome across all tasks, including partial credit. Both computed by deterministic graders against hidden references.
Every ~6 months, a new public subset releases with fresh instances. Private tasks rotate into the public pool, retired public tasks rotate out, and held-out private tasks score the official leaderboard, to limit benchmark leakage.
Reference Harnesses
Two open harnesses ship with the framework: the official Claude Code CLI and the in-tree OpenClaw harness. Submissions also include Codex, Cursor CLI, Droid, Gemini CLI, Grok CLI, and the ALE Claw reference harness.
Resources
Acknowledgments
Agents’ Last Exam is co-led by UC Berkeley RDI and the RDI Foundation, with funding support and contributions from Snorkel AI via the Open Benchmarks Grants program. The benchmark draws task contributions from 300+ industry experts across 44 academic institutions (MIT, Harvard, Stanford, UC Berkeley, Oxford, CMU, Caltech, ETH Zurich, Yale, Columbia, and more) and industry organizations including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, Morgan Stanley, PIMCO, Meta, Amazon, Adobe, Oracle, Hippocratic AI, and HubSpot.
Advisory Committee includes George Em Karniadakis (Brown), Tapio Schneider (Caltech), Teresa Head-Gordon (UC Berkeley), Laure Zanna (NYU), Jack Gallant (UC Berkeley), Tarek Zohdi (UC Berkeley), Ida Sim (UCSF), Arvind Rao (U Michigan), Kaan Ozbay (NYU), Carl Boettiger (UC Berkeley), Kyle Steinfeld (UC Berkeley), Yamini Rangan (HubSpot), and Bradley Rothenberg (nTop).

